October 22 <br />October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 70 days remaining until the end of the year. <br />4004 BC – The world was created at approximately six o'clock in the evening, according to the Ussher chronology. <br />362 – The temple of Apollo at Daphne, outside Antioch, is destroyed in a mysterious fire. <br />451 – The Council of Chalcedon adopts the Chalcedonian Creed regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus Christ. <br />794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heiankyo (now Kyoto). <br />1383 – The 1383–85 Crisis in Portugal: King Fernando dies without a male heir to the Portuguese throne, sparking a period of civil war and disorder. <br />1575 – Foundation of Aguascalientes. <br />1633 – Battle of Liaoluo Bay: The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. <br />1707 – Scilly naval disaster: four British Royal Navy ships run aground near the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and thousands of sailors drown. <br />1730 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed. <br />1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter. <br />1777 – American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank. <br />1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska. <br />1790 – Warriors of the Miami people under Chief Little Turtle defeat United States troops under General Josiah Harmar at the site of present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the Northwest Indian War. <br />1797 – André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump from one thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris. <br />1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas. <br />1844 – The Great Anticipation: Millerites, followers of William Miller, anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day became known as the Great Disappointment. <br />1859 – Spain declares war on Morocco. <br />1866 – A plebiscite ratifies the annexion of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, occurred three days before, on October 19. <br />1875 – First telegraphic connection in Argentina. <br />1877 – The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners. <br />1878 – The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton. <br />1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out). <br />1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust. <br />1884 – Greenwich, in London, England, is adopted as Universal Time meridian of longitude by the International Meridian Conference. <br />1895 – In Paris an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 metres (100 ft) of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling 10 metres (33 ft) to the road below. <br />1907 – Panic of 1907: A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will lead to a depression. <br />1910 – Dr. Crippen is convicted at the Old Bailey of poisoning his wife and is subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison in London. <br />1923 – The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic. <br />1924 – Toastmasters International is founded. <br />1926 – J. Gordon Whitehead sucker punches magician Harry Houdini in the stomach in Montreal, precipitating his death. <br />1927 – Nikola Tesla introduces six new inventions including a motor with onephase electricity <br />1928 – Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. <br />1934 – In East Liverpool, Ohio, Federal Bureau of Investigation agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd. <br />1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer. <br />1943 – World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless. <br />1946 – Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim takes place, recruiting of thousands of military-related technical specialists from the Soviet occupation zone of post-World-War-II Germany for employment in the Soviet Union. <br />1957 – Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam. <br />1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation. <br />1963 – A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board. <br />1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor. <br />1964 – Canada: A Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee
