<a class="link" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.passkidneystones.com/when-is-open-surgery-used-to-remove-kidney-stones/">http://www.passkidneystones.com/when-is-open-surgery-used-to-remove-kidney-stones/</a> <br /><br />Sometimes less invasive kidney stone treatments like lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy aren't practical and open surgery (nephrolithotomy) is the only way to remove the kidney stones.
