The economy of Iran is facing intense pressure as the nation enters the fourth month of the ceasefire that followed the US-Israeli conflict in February-March. The reactivation of the JCPOA snapback mechanism by the UK, France, and Germany resulted in the reinstatement of UN sanctions at the close of September 2025, causing the Iranian rial to plunge and igniting a wave of public unrest. The twelve-day conflict inflicted considerable harm on Iran's nuclear and military assets, leading to the deaths of prominent military figures and nuclear experts. Following the assassination of Khamenei during the February airstrikes, a new Supreme Leader has been appointed—his son. Talks regarding international reconstruction assistance are underway as part of a larger peace initiative, though nothing has been officially established yet.
